Reference Guide for:

The Macro-Nutrients

Nutrients
Function
Sources
Protein
(Contains Essential Amino Acids)
Protein provides amino acids needed to build, repair and maintain body tissue and muscle; and to fight infection. As an enzyme : it assists with important chemical reactions. As a hormone: it regulates body functions. Larger amounts of protein are required by
the elderly (10% additional),
women during pregnancy (30% additional,
and lactation (20% additional).
Meats, fish, poultry, cheese and eggs are some of the best sources since they contain all essential amino acids, i.e. those the body cannot make. Vegetable protein (beans, peas, wheat, oats and brown rice) must be combined with complementary protein to provide missing essential amino acids. Sufficient amounts of milk or cheese are effective in increasing the quality of vegetable proteins. Protein supplements are also advisable.
Carbohydrates
Provides energy for the brain, nervous system and muscles. Those not used immediatly by the body for energy are stored as fat. If the body does not get enough carbohydrates to supply its energy needs, it burns dietary fat and protein for energy, thus depleting the body of essential protein needed for normal repair and maintenance. There are two types of carbohydrates: Simple and Complex.
SIMPLE are found in the sugars of table sugar, products made with table sugar and the natural simple sugars in fruit (fructose).
COMPLEX are found in starches from such foods as potatoes, rice, cereals, legumes, and some vegetables.
Both contain the same number of calories per ounce, but the foods containing complex carbohyrates provide a greater variety of vitamins and minerals. These foods are also excellent sources of dietary fiber that assist the body's digestive tract to function in a healthy manner.
Fats
(Including Lipids)
Fats are nutrients that are often misunderstood, but fulfill important body functions such as: providing a source of energy, acting as a thermal blanket, insulating the body from heat loss and providing a protective cushion for many tissues and organs. It also aids in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Nuts, peanut butter, whole milk products, meats, fish, poultry, eggs and some fruits such as olives and avocados. The richest sources for linoleic acid are vegetable oils; including corn, safflower, soybean and sunflower. Also margarines and salad dressings made from these oils.

Natural, Functional Food Nutrients
(Phytonutrients)

Nutrient
General Description / Functions
Alpha-Lipoic Acid
Alpha Lipoic Acid provides more potent antioxidant activity than Vitamins C and E. It helps prevent healthy cells from getting damaged by unstable oxygen molecules called free radicals. It also assists the B-Vitamins in producing energy from the proteins, carbohydrates and fats consumed through foods. Increases blood flow to the nerves and improves transmission of nerve impulses. Plays an integral role in the cellular energy production and is a valuable immune system booster.

General Recomendations: 100 mg. once or twice daily.
Carnitine
(L-Carnitine)
An amino acid like compound that helps produce energy. It transports fatty acids then converts the fat into energy which the heart, muscles and other body tissues can efficiently utilize. Carnitine plays a crucial role in metabolic functioning.

General Recomendations: 250 mg. 2-3 times daily.
Coenzyme Q-10
(Ubiquinone)
The body naturaly produces Coenzyme Q-10 and is found in every human cell and in all living organisms. Coenzyme Q-10 works with enzymes to break down and convert food into energy. It is particularly abundant in high-demanding cells, such as those found in the heart. It appears to support the heart muscle's strenuous efforts to beat 100,000 times a day. Without adequate levels of this enzyme the heart muscle can become weaker and less efficient at pumping blood throughout the body. It also has powerful antioxidant properties to boost the immune system, inhibit artery-clogging plaque buildup and potentially-fatal blood clots. It is also believed to lower elevated blood pressure and protect against the complications related to the disease. Many people take it as an energy enhancer; others take it to fight age-related memory loss. Coenzyme Q-10 helps provide the spark that generates the body's energy on a cellular level.

General Recomendations: 60 mg. once or twice daily.
Colostrum
Colostrum is the "pre-milk" that female mammals secrete prior to producing their milk. It contains beneficial immunoglobulins (antibodies) to help maintain immune support, gastrointestinal health as well as improving exercise performance and recovery. Bovine Colostrum contains a wide variety of "immune factors" which may be effective against various viruses, bacteria, yeast and other invaders. There are no known adverse side effects, however those individuals with milk allergies should avoid Colostrum.

General Recomendations: 1000 mg. once or twice daily.
Condroitin
A natural component of the cartilage that "cushions" joints, Chondroitin sulfate helps to block the enzymes that can destroy this crucial tissue. It can increase joint mobility, possibly slow cartilage loss and assist the body in rebuilding cartilage in some arthritis sufferers. Chondroitin should not be taken by persons taking blood thinners or a daily aspirin.

General Recomendations: 400 mg. 2-3 times daily.
Evening Primrose Oil
Extracted from the Evening Primrose Plant, grown in North America, Europe and parts of Asia. The thereputic power contained within the seed oil is an essential fatty acid called Gamma-Linoleic Acid (GLA) which has anti-inflammatory properties and other healing abilities. Taken internally the body converts GLA into prostaglandins which help regulate various body functions and control inflammation. Cell membranes also rely on the presence of GLA. Evening Primrose Oil helps to relieve the discomfort of PMS (premenstrual syndrone), menstration, endometriosis and fibrocystic breasts. It minimizes premenstrual breast tenderness, irritable bowel flare-ups, carbohydrate cravings and helps to control endometriosis-associated inflammation. It can also ease the joint pain and swelling of rheumatoid arthritis. Prevents diabetes-related nerve damage, reduces the symptoms of eczema, helps treat acne and rosacea, alleviate inflammation associated with lupus, reduce numbness and tingling. It also protects against the effects of aging....as the body ages it loses it's ability to convert dietary fats into GLA. Taking Evening Primrose Oil helps to compensate for GLA deficiencies helping to assure their important health-promoting activities.

General Recomendations: 1000 mg. once or twice daily.
Flaxseed Oil
The essential fatty acids,(EFA) in flaxseed oil are it's key healing components. The body needs the EFAs to function properly, but can't manufacture them on it's own. Flaxseeds also contain omega-6 fatty acids and are a rich source of lignans, substances that positively affect hormone-related problems. Flaxseed oil helps to lower cholesterol, protect against heart disease and control high blood pressure. It also counters inflammation associated with gout, lupus and fibrocystic breasts. It is used to relieve constipation, hemorrhoids, diverticular disorders and gallstones; to treat acne, eczema, psoriasis, sunburn and rosacea. Promotes healthy hair and nail growth; assists in the transmission of nerve impulses. It is used to relieve menstrual cramps, female infertility and endometriosis, to fight prostate problems, male infertility and impotence. It is an essential nutrient that works throughout the body to protect cell membranes. Flaxseed Oil is an economical daily supplement for the Essential Fatty Acids.

General Recomendations: 1000 mg. 2-3 times daily.
Glucosamine
Plays an important role in maintaining cartilage health. It can also relieve the common symptoms of osteoarthritis; pain, stiffness and swelling. Rheumatoid arthritis suffers report improvement as well. By protecting and reinforcing cartilage, glucosamine helps prevent painful symptoms of cartilage that has dried out and broken down over time, cracking and flaking off. When joints are deprived of the cushioning healthy cartilage provides, painful stiffness and inflamation develope. Glucosamine appears to proect and strengthen the cartilage around these joints, particularly the knees, hips, spine and hands. Glucosamine also appears to slow the development of mild to moderately severe osteoarthritis. It speeds the healing time of strains and sprains and helps to prevent future injury. Glucosamine also helps to control back pain by strengthening the tissue supporting the spinal disks lining the back.

General Recomendations: 500 mg. 2-3 times daily.
Grape Seed Extract
(OPC Antioxidant)
Grape seed extract is a powerful antioxidant containing natural active flavonoids known as OPC (oligomeres procyanodoliques) Proanthocyanidins. In addition to neutralizing hazardous free radicals, it is particularly valuable for cardiovascular health by protecting the walls of the arteries, capillaries and veins, by inhibiting the formation of damaging plaque. Grape Seed Extract is also benificial in reducing varicose veins, elevated blood pressure levels, edema (fluid retention) and other common circulatory conditions.

General Recomendations: 300 mg. daily.
Lycopene
Lycopene provides the red coloration in tomatoes and is one of the major carotenoids. Many recent epidemiological studies have implicated Lycopene in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Scientists hypothesize that Lycopene positively influences cholesterol metabolism because of it's antioxidant properties. Replenishing the body's Lycopene supply bolsters the body's defense mechanisms, resulting in greater protection of the body's enzymes, DNA and cellular lipids. Lycopene eliminates a particularly destructive form of oxidation called free radicals. In fact it is more than twice as powerful as beta carotene at quenching free radicals. It is one of the most abundant carotenoids in human blood serum and is the most abundant carotene in prostate tissue. A recent Harvard study showed that men who have a high intake of tomatoe based foods enjoy greater protection against prostate cancer. Many health experts believe it is the carotonoid Lycopene that provides that protection.

General Recomendations: 10 mg. once daily.
MSM
An organic sulfur compound, MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) is contained in minute amounts in everyone's blood and most foods. Like other sulfur compounds it's a necessary building block for proteins, especiallly those found in hair, muscles and conective tissue of the joints and skin. MSM inhibits pain impulses that travel along nerve fibers, acting as an analgesic. It's anti-inflammatory actions are used for combating the pain of arthritis, fibromyalgia, carpal tunnel syndrome and allergies. MSM can reduce muscle spasms, increase blood flow and help with the maintenance and repair of cartilage. Numerous studies have shown that sulfur levels in arthritic joints are lower than in healthy joints. MSM helps by delivering needed sulfur to the afflicted areas, and is particularly helpful when taken in conjunction with supplements such as Glucosamine. MSM has been useful for treating chronic back pain resulting from muscle strain or ligament sprain. Some people have found MSM to be more effective than antihistamines for allergies. If you are on a blood thinner (anticoagulant) such as aspirin or warfarin (Coumadin) consult with a doctor before taking MSM because it can occasionlly have a blood-thinning effect.

General Recomendations:   1000 to 3000 mg. daily
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid derived from fish oils...especially Salmon, Tuna, and Mackerel. The two most potent forms of omega-3 acids are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA). Studies have demonstrated beneficial effects including lowered serum cholesterol, decreased serum triglycerides and reduced platelet aggregation. The use of Omega-3 fatty acids has a valuable cardioprotective effect. Research shows that for individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes, fish oil supplements improve insulin sensitivity. It is also thought to help maintain healthy breast tissue and prevent breast cancer. In addition, fish oils demonstrate anti-inflammatory actions, including decreased joint stiffness and swelling. Studies also suggest fish oils are effective in treating psoriasis, Raynaud's disease, lupus and relieving menstrual cramps.

General Recomendations:   EPA 300 mg. / DHA 200 mg. once or twice daily
Papaya Enzyme
Papaya is naturally-rich with powerful "proteolytic" enzymes that increase the rate of metabolic action in the body and assist in the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates and fat. These digestive enzymes include:
A. Papain and Protease: for protein digestion.
B. Alpha Amylase: assists in the digestion of starch.
C. Lipase: assists in fat digestion.
D. Cellulose: A major constituant of fruit and vegetable fiber also assists in the digestive process.
Because of it's ability to stimulate metabolic activity, Papaya is being used successfully in weight-control diets.

General Recomendations: No specific amount recommended
Pine Bark Extract
(OPC Antioxidant)
A natural complex of several potent antioxidants, particularly OPC (proanthocyanidins) flavonoids and nutritive organic acids, providing protective cardiovascular properties and diverse health benefits including: antihistamine-like action, improving absorption of vitamin C, boosting immunity, reducing inflammation, strengthening blood vessel walls, lowering blood pressure and improving circulation.

General Recomendations: 30 mg. to 90 mg. 2-3 times daily.
Soy Isoflavones
Soy Isoflavones are powerful substances that have many health benefits. Their presence in soy foods may help to explain why people in Asian countries, where soy is a big part of the diet suffer from relatively few menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes. And also, why their rates of certain hormone-related cancers are much lower. Two important isoflavones in soy are Genistein and Daidzein, which are believed to protect against hormone-related disorders such as breast cancer and endometriosis. Researcher suggests that soy isoflavones inhibit cancer-causing enzymes, provide antioxidant protection and enhance the immune system. Soy Isoflavones help to control symptoms of menopause, gaurd against osteoporosis and also counteract the effects of endometriosis by helping to offset the action of the body's natural estrogen, which is often responsible for instigating the monthly pain, heavy bleeding, and other symptoms of endometriosis. It has also been shown to protect against prostate problems, such as enlargement of the male prostate gland. It also reduces the risk of heart disease by lowering harmful cholesterol. Preliminary studies are showing that the regular consumption of soy foods and supplements protect against hormone-related cancers of the breast, prostate and endometrium. Although more research is needed on soy's cancer-fighting properties, researchers believe the isoflavone Genistein blocks a protein which promotes the growth and proliferation of tumor cells. Because of its estrogen effects, pregnant or nursing women should not take soy isoflavone supplements.

General Recomendations: 50 mg. to 100 mg. once or twice daily.
Sterols
(Phytosterols)
These are nutritive phytochemicals found in a variety of botanical sources. In addition to sitosterol, the most common sterols include campesterol and stigmasterol. They are essential cell membrane components and are involved with the support of the immune system. They assist in the reduction of thrombo-embolic disorders by reducing platelet aggregation, they also assist in the reduction of inflammatory metabolites and support the endocrine system in elderly people, increasing their longevity.

General Recomendations: No specific amount recommended.

 



NOTE: The information on this page should not be used for self diagnosis and treatment, if you have a medical condition consult your physician, or a physician knowledgeable in Nutritional Medicine.

Some prescription drugs could have a negative interaction with certain herbs, If you are taking a presciption drug consult your doctor or pharmacist before using herbs.